2015
09-17

# HDU 4748-Area-计算几何-[解题报告]HOJ

Area
 Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 10000K Total Submissions: 5227 Accepted: 2342

Description

Being well known for its highly innovative products, Merck would definitely be a good target for industrial espionage. To protect its brand-new research and development facility the company has installed the latest system of surveillance robots patrolling the area. These robots move along the walls of the facility and report suspicious observations to the central security office. The only flaw in the system a competitor抯 agent could find is the fact that the robots radio their movements unencrypted. Not being able to find out more, the agent wants to use that information to calculate the exact size of the area occupied by the new facility. It is public knowledge that all the corners of the building are situated on a rectangular grid and that only straight walls are used. Figure 1 shows the course of a robot around an example area.

Figure 1: Example area.

You are hired to write a program that calculates the area occupied by the new facility from the movements of a robot along its walls. You can assume that this area is a polygon with corners on a rectangular grid. However, your boss insists that you use a formula he is so proud to have found somewhere. The formula relates the number I of grid points inside the polygon, the number E of grid points on the edges, and the total area A of the polygon. Unfortunately, you have lost the sheet on which he had written down that simple formula for you, so your first task is to find the formula yourself.

Input

The first line contains the number of scenarios.
For each scenario, you are given the number m, 3 <= m < 100, of movements of the robot in the first line. The following m lines contain pairs 揹x dy�of integers, separated by a single blank, satisfying .-100 <= dx, dy <= 100 and (dx, dy) != (0, 0). Such a pair means that the robot moves on to a grid point dx units to the right and dy units upwards on the grid (with respect to the current position). You can assume that the curve along which the robot moves is closed and that it does not intersect or even touch itself except for the start and end points. The robot moves anti-clockwise around the building, so the area to be calculated lies to the left of the curve. It is known in advance that the whole polygon would fit into a square on the grid with a side length of 100 units.

Output

The output for every scenario begins with a line containing 揝cenario #i:� where i is the number of the scenario starting at 1. Then print a single line containing I, E, and A, the area A rounded to one digit after the decimal point. Separate the three numbers by two single blanks. Terminate the output for the scenario with a blank line.

Sample Input

2
4
1 0
0 1
-1 0
0 -1
7
5 0
1 3
-2 2
-1 0
0 -3
-3 1
0 -3


Sample Output

Scenario #1:
0 4 1.0

Scenario #2:
12 16 19.0

Source

1. Pick定理：给定顶点座标均是整点（或正方形格点）的简单多边形，皮克定理说明了其面积A和内部格点数目i、边上格点数目b的关系：A = i + b/2 – 1。
2. GCD（x, y）求一条线穿过的点数：一条线穿过的点格子的点的个数，这句话讲的比较通俗，我看网上有说覆盖的点的个数，刚开始没怎么理解，后来发现意思就是这条线能穿过多少个点，除了起点之外的，就是说假如中间一个点都没穿过，只有两个端点的话，那么它穿过的点就是1，除了起点之外，就1个。其中x是这条线在x轴上的投影，y是在y轴上的投影长度。
3. 叉积的几何意义：多边形的面积=顺序定点的叉积之和

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 105;
struct point{
int x, y;
};
point p[maxn];
int n;
int x_multi(const point p1, const point p2)
{
return (p1.x * p2.y - p2.x * p1.y);
}
int gcd(int a, int b)
{
return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
}
int main()
{
int t;
scanf("%d", &t);
int kase = 0;
while (t--)
{
scanf("%d", &n);
p[0].x = p[0].y = 0;
int t1, t2;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
scanf("%d %d", &t1, &t2);
p[i].x = p[i - 1].x + t1;
p[i].y = p[i - 1].y + t2;
}
int area = 0;
int outside = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
area += x_multi(p[i], p[i + 1]);
outside += gcd(abs(p[i].x - p[i + 1].x), abs(p[i].y - p[i + 1].y));
}
area += x_multi(p[n], p[1]);
outside += gcd(abs(p[n].x - p[1].x), abs(p[n].y - p[1].y));
if (area < 0)
area = -area;
int inside = area + 2 - outside;
inside /= 2;
printf("Scenario #%d:\n", ++kase);
if (area % 2 == 0)//如果在边界上的定点个数为偶数，面积就是整数
{
printf("%d %d %d.0\n\n", inside, outside, area / 2);
}
else//反之就是小数
printf("%d %d %d.5\n\n", inside, outside, area / 2);
}

return 0;
}

下面是POJ 2954的代码，原题就不粘了，大意：给三角形的三个点的坐标，求三角形内有多少个点。思路还是Pick定理

AC代码

/*************************************************************************
> File Name:            poj_2954.cpp
> Author:               Howe_Young
> Mail:                 1013410795@qq.com
> Created Time:         2015年04月17日 星期五 20时26分14秒
************************************************************************/

#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdio>

using namespace std;
struct point{
int x, y;
};
int x_multi(const point p1, const point p2, const point p3)
{
return ((p3.x - p1.x) * (p2.y - p1.y) - (p2.x - p1.x) * (p3.y - p1.y));
}
int gcd(int a, int b)
{
return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b);
}
int main()
{
point p1, p2, p3;
while (~scanf("%d %d %d %d %d %d", &p1.x, &p1.y, &p2.x, &p2.y, &p3.x, &p3.y) && (p1.x || p2.x || p3.x || p1.y || p2.y || p3.y))
{
int area = x_multi(p1, p2, p3);//这里的area是两倍的area，因为面积没有除以2
if (area < 0)
area = -area;
int on_edge = 0;
on_edge += gcd(abs(p1.x - p2.x), abs(p1.y - p2.y));
on_edge += gcd(abs(p1.x - p3.x), abs(p1.y - p3.y));
on_edge += gcd(abs(p2.x - p3.x), abs(p2.y - p3.y));
int inside = area + 2 - on_edge;//这个就是pick公式两边同时×2
inside /= 2;
printf("%d\n", inside);
}
return 0;
}